As blockchain adoption grows, so do the challenges around scalability, transaction costs, and speed—especially on Ethereum, the most widely used smart contract platform. Enter Layer 2 solutions—blockchain protocols built on top of Layer 1 networks (like Ethereum) that are solving these issues by offering faster and cheaper transactions.
In 2025, Layer 2 scaling solutions have become essential for the success of DeFi, NFTs, gaming, and everyday crypto transactions. This article explores the top Layer 2 solutions gaining momentum in 2025, helping developers, investors, and users stay ahead of the curve.
What Are Layer 2 Solutions?
Layer 2 solutions are built on top of existing blockchains (mainly Ethereum) to handle transactions off-chain while maintaining the security and decentralization of the main chain (Layer 1).
Benefits of Layer 2:
- Lower gas fees
- Faster transaction speeds
- Increased throughput
- Seamless user experience
- Enhanced scalability without compromising decentralization
Top Layer 2 Solutions in 2025
| Rank | Layer 2 Solution | Technology | Main Use Case | Notable Projects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arbitrum | Optimistic Rollups | DeFi, Gaming | GMX, Radiant |
| 2 | zkSync Era | ZK Rollups | Payments, dApps | Argent, zkMoney |
| 3 | Optimism | Optimistic Rollups | DeFi, NFTs | Velodrome, Synthetix |
| 4 | Base (by Coinbase) | Optimistic Rollups | Consumer dApps | FriendTech, Onchain social |
| 5 | Starknet | ZK Rollups | Enterprise, DeFi | StarkEx, dYdX |
| 6 | Polygon zkEVM | ZK Rollups | Ethereum Scaling | QuickSwap, Aave |
| 7 | Scroll | ZK Rollups | Native EVM support | LayerZero, Omnichain apps |
| 8 | Metis | Optimistic Rollups | Decentralized Economy | Agora, MetisDAO |
1. Arbitrum – Leading the Pack
Technology: Optimistic Rollup
TVL: Over $12B in 2025
Why It’s Trending:
Arbitrum remains the most widely adopted Layer 2 in 2025. Its fast finality, high compatibility with Ethereum, and developer-friendly environment make it ideal for DeFi giants like GMX, Radiant Capital, and more.
Key Advantages:
- Seamless Ethereum integration
- High throughput
- Active developer ecosystem
2. zkSync Era – Zero-Knowledge Scaling
Technology: ZK Rollup
Why It’s Trending:
zkSync Era has introduced native account abstraction and fast withdrawals, making it a favorite for payments and consumer dApps. With its mainnet fully launched in 2024, it gained traction with wallets like Argent and privacy tools like zkMoney.
Strengths:
- Low-cost transactions
- Privacy-friendly
- High EVM compatibility
3. Optimism – Driving Onchain Governance
Technology: Optimistic Rollup
Why It’s Trending:
Optimism is powering a new governance model called the Optimism Collective, attracting projects like Velodrome, Synthetix, and Worldcoin. With a simple developer experience and fast growth, it’s a solid bet in 2025.
Strengths:
- Retroactive public goods funding
- Strong ecosystem support
- Fast transactions
4. Base by Coinbase – The Mainstream Bridge
Technology: Optimistic Rollup
Why It’s Trending:
Backed by Coinbase, Base became the most user-friendly Layer 2 solution in 2025. It caters to retail users and dApps, enabling mass adoption via Coinbase’s existing user base.
Use Cases:
- SocialFi (FriendTech)
- NFT drops
- Consumer DeFi
5. Starknet – Built for Scale
Technology: ZK Rollup (STARKs)
Why It’s Trending:
Starknet focuses on enterprise-grade applications and has a strong connection to StarkEx, which powers dApps like dYdX. Its use of Cairo for smart contracts brings better performance and verifiability.
Highlights:
- High scalability
- Custom zk circuits
- Ecosystem backed by top VCs
6. Polygon zkEVM – Ethereum-Equivalent ZK Rollup
Technology: zkEVM
Why It’s Trending:
Polygon launched its zkEVM mainnet beta in 2024, and by 2025 it’s powering major DeFi protocols like Aave and QuickSwap. It offers native Ethereum compatibility with zero-knowledge proof efficiency.
Pros:
- Native EVM support
- Low fees
- Backed by a strong team
7. Scroll – The Developer Favorite
Technology: zkEVM
Why It’s Trending:
Scroll focuses on a fully Ethereum-equivalent ZK rollup, making it easy for developers to port over contracts without any code changes. It’s gaining traction among modular builders and cross-chain dApps.
Why Developers Love It:
- Open-source ethos
- Compatibility with existing tools
- Smooth deployment
8. Metis – The Economy Layer 2
Technology: Optimistic Rollup
Why It’s Trending:
Metis focuses on building decentralized economies, with native support for DAOs, staking, and fast finality. Its ecosystem is growing in 2025 thanks to projects like Agora and MetisDAO.
Advantages:
- DAO-native infrastructure
- Quick transaction speeds
- Strong community support
Why Layer 2s Matter in 2025
As blockchain adoption grows, Ethereum Layer 1 cannot handle the volume cost-effectively. Layer 2 solutions like Arbitrum, Optimism, and zkSync allow for:
- Cheaper gas fees
- Scalable smart contract execution
- Improved UX for mainstream dApps
They also play a key role in onboarding the next billion users, especially in sectors like gaming, NFTs, payments, and DeFi.
FAQs
Q1: What is the difference between Optimistic Rollups and ZK Rollups?
A: Optimistic Rollups assume transactions are valid by default and only check when challenged, while ZK Rollups use cryptographic proofs to instantly verify transactions.
Q2: Is Ethereum 2.0 replacing Layer 2s?
A: No. Ethereum 2.0 (the Merge) improves consensus and energy efficiency but doesn’t solve scaling. Layer 2s are still essential.
Q3: Which Layer 2 is best for DeFi in 2025?
A: Arbitrum and Optimism are leading choices for DeFi apps due to their liquidity, adoption, and developer support.
Q4: Can I use the same wallet on all Layer 2s?
A: Yes. Most Layer 2s are EVM-compatible, so wallets like MetaMask work seamlessly.
Q5: Are Layer 2 transactions secure?
A: Yes. Layer 2s inherit the security of the underlying Layer 1 chain while offering additional scalability benefits.
Conclusion
The Layer 2 ecosystem has matured significantly in 2025, with real use cases, billions in total value locked, and thriving dApp ecosystems. Whether you’re a developer, trader, or everyday user, these top Layer 2 solutions offer faster, cheaper, and more scalable blockchain experiences.
As blockchain technology continues to evolve, Layer 2s are no longer optional—they’re essential. Choose the right solution based on your needs and stay ahead in the decentralized revolution.
